"τόπος" meaning in Ancient Greek

See τόπος in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /tó.pos/, /ˈto.pos/, /ˈto.pos/, /tó.pos/ (note: 5ᵗʰ BCE Attic), /ˈto.pos/ (note: 1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian), /ˈto.pos/ (note: 4ᵗʰ CE Koine), /ˈto.pos/ (note: 10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine), /ˈto.pos/ (note: 15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan)
Etymology: Seemingly an inherited term, though the broad semantic range of the word makes ascertaining further origin and cognates difficult: * If from Proto-Indo-European *top-o-s: ** From Proto-Indo-European *tep- (“to hit, stick, smear”), and cognate with Proto-Slavic *teti (“to beat”), Lithuanian tèpti (“to smear, grease”). The sense development would be "to smear" > "stain, spot" > "spot, place"; for a semantic parallel, compare English spot, German Flecken (“village”). This derivation appears to be favored by Beekes. ** Per Meier-Brugger, from Proto-Indo-European *tep- (“to be hot”), with sense development "hot place, hearth" > "any place". * If from Proto-Indo-European *tokʷ-o-s: ** From Proto-Indo-European *tekʷ- (“to run, flow”). This is semantically difficult. Others (though surprisingly, not Beekes) have suggested Pre-Greek origin; note similarities to Albanian tokë (“floor, earth”) (compare darkë (“supper, feast”) vs. δόρπον (dórpon, “supper, dinner; evening”), bajgë (“dung”) vs. βολβός (bolbós, “bulb”), etc.), with a potential proto-form *tò-kʷV- or *tòw-kʷV-. See also Hittite 𒋼𒂊𒃷 (tēkan), [script needed] (tagnās). Etymology templates: {{inh|grc|ine-pro||*top-o-s}} Proto-Indo-European *top-o-s, {{der|grc|ine-pro|*tep-|t=to hit, stick, smear}} Proto-Indo-European *tep- (“to hit, stick, smear”), {{cog|sla-pro|*teti|t=to beat}} Proto-Slavic *teti (“to beat”), {{cog|lt|tèpti|t=to smear, grease}} Lithuanian tèpti (“to smear, grease”), {{ncog|en|spot}} English spot, {{ncog|de|Flecken|t=village}} German Flecken (“village”), {{der|grc|ine-pro|*tep-|t=to be hot}} Proto-Indo-European *tep- (“to be hot”), {{inh|grc|ine-pro||*tokʷ-o-s}} Proto-Indo-European *tokʷ-o-s, {{der|grc|ine-pro|*tekʷ-|t=to run, flow}} Proto-Indo-European *tekʷ- (“to run, flow”), {{bor|grc|qsb-grc}} Pre-Greek, {{cog|sq|tokë|t=floor, earth}} Albanian tokë (“floor, earth”), {{cog|hit|𒋼𒂊𒃷|tr=tēkan}} Hittite 𒋼𒂊𒃷 (tēkan) Head templates: {{grc-noun|τόπου|m|second}} τόπος • (tópos) m (genitive τόπου); second declension Inflection templates: {{grc-decl|τόπος|ου}} Forms: tópos [romanization], τόπου [genitive], Attic declension-2 [table-tags], ὁ τόπος [nominative, singular], τὼ τόπω [dual, nominative], οἱ τόποι [nominative, plural], τοῦ τόπου [genitive, singular], τοῖν τόποιν [dual, genitive], τῶν τόπων [genitive, plural], τῷ τόπῳ [dative, singular], τοῖν τόποιν [dative, dual], τοῖς τόποις [dative, plural], τὸν τόπον [accusative, singular], τὼ τόπω [accusative, dual], τοὺς τόπους [accusative, plural], τόπε [singular, vocative], τόπω [dual, vocative], τόποι [plural, vocative]
  1. place, location
    Sense id: en-τόπος-grc-noun-i~RdOFV-
  2. topic; (rhetoric) commonplace Categories (topical): Rhetoric
    Sense id: en-τόπος-grc-noun-Xip4Kh2g Categories (other): Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header, Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension, Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified Disambiguation of Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header: 9 55 8 28 Disambiguation of Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension: 10 69 10 10 Disambiguation of Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified: 11 69 10 11
  3. position, office
    Sense id: en-τόπος-grc-noun-9briKMeV
  4. opportunity, possibility
    Sense id: en-τόπος-grc-noun-rac64AV1
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: ἀτοπία (atopía), ἄτοπος (átopos), ἐκτοπίζω (ektopízō), ἐκτοπισμός (ektopismós), ἔκτοπος (éktopos), ἐντοπίζω (entopízō), ἐντόπιος (entópios), ἔντοπος (éntopos), τοπάζω (topázō), τοπίζω (topízō), τοπικός (topikós), τοπογραφέω (topographéō), τοπογραφία (topographía), τοπόγραφος (topógraphos), τοποθεσία (topothesía), τοπομαχέω (topomakhéō)
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "atopía",
      "word": "ἀτοπία"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "átopos",
      "word": "ἄτοπος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "ektopízō",
      "word": "ἐκτοπίζω"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "ektopismós",
      "word": "ἐκτοπισμός"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "éktopos",
      "word": "ἔκτοπος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "entopízō",
      "word": "ἐντοπίζω"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "entópios",
      "word": "ἐντόπιος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "éntopos",
      "word": "ἔντοπος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "topázō",
      "word": "τοπάζω"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "topízō",
      "word": "τοπίζω"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "topikós",
      "word": "τοπικός"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "topographéō",
      "word": "τοπογραφέω"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "topographía",
      "word": "τοπογραφία"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "topógraphos",
      "word": "τοπόγραφος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "topothesía",
      "word": "τοποθεσία"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "topomakhéō",
      "word": "τοπομαχέω"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cop",
            "2": "ⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Coptic: ⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ (topos)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Coptic: ⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ (topos)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "topos",
            "3": "topo-",
            "4": "-tope",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: topos, topo-, -tope",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: topos, topo-, -tope"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "Topos",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ German: Topos",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ German: Topos"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "el",
            "2": "τόπος"
          },
          "expansion": "Greek: τόπος (tópos)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Greek: τόπος (tópos)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-mar",
            "2": "то́пус"
          },
          "expansion": "Mariupol Greek: то́пус (tópus)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Mariupol Greek: то́пус (tópus)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "topia",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Latin: topia",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Latin: topia"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*top-o-s"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *top-o-s",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*tep-",
        "t": "to hit, stick, smear"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tep- (“to hit, stick, smear”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*teti",
        "t": "to beat"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *teti (“to beat”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "tèpti",
        "t": "to smear, grease"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian tèpti (“to smear, grease”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "spot"
      },
      "expansion": "English spot",
      "name": "ncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Flecken",
        "t": "village"
      },
      "expansion": "German Flecken (“village”)",
      "name": "ncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*tep-",
        "t": "to be hot"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tep- (“to be hot”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*tokʷ-o-s"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tokʷ-o-s",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*tekʷ-",
        "t": "to run, flow"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tekʷ- (“to run, flow”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "qsb-grc"
      },
      "expansion": "Pre-Greek",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sq",
        "2": "tokë",
        "t": "floor, earth"
      },
      "expansion": "Albanian tokë (“floor, earth”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hit",
        "2": "𒋼𒂊𒃷",
        "tr": "tēkan"
      },
      "expansion": "Hittite 𒋼𒂊𒃷 (tēkan)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Seemingly an inherited term, though the broad semantic range of the word makes ascertaining further origin and cognates difficult:\n* If from Proto-Indo-European *top-o-s:\n** From Proto-Indo-European *tep- (“to hit, stick, smear”), and cognate with Proto-Slavic *teti (“to beat”), Lithuanian tèpti (“to smear, grease”). The sense development would be \"to smear\" > \"stain, spot\" > \"spot, place\"; for a semantic parallel, compare English spot, German Flecken (“village”). This derivation appears to be favored by Beekes.\n** Per Meier-Brugger, from Proto-Indo-European *tep- (“to be hot”), with sense development \"hot place, hearth\" > \"any place\".\n* If from Proto-Indo-European *tokʷ-o-s:\n** From Proto-Indo-European *tekʷ- (“to run, flow”). This is semantically difficult.\nOthers (though surprisingly, not Beekes) have suggested Pre-Greek origin; note similarities to Albanian tokë (“floor, earth”) (compare darkë (“supper, feast”) vs. δόρπον (dórpon, “supper, dinner; evening”), bajgë (“dung”) vs. βολβός (bolbós, “bulb”), etc.), with a potential proto-form *tò-kʷV- or *tòw-kʷV-. See also Hittite 𒋼𒂊𒃷 (tēkan), [script needed] (tagnās).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "tópos",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τόπου",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-2",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Second declension",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ὁ τόπος",
      "roman": "ho tópos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ τόπω",
      "roman": "tṑ tópō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "οἱ τόποι",
      "roman": "hoi tópoi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῦ τόπου",
      "roman": "toû tópou",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν τόποιν",
      "roman": "toîn tópoin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῶν τόπων",
      "roman": "tôn tópōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῷ τόπῳ",
      "roman": "tôi tópōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν τόποιν",
      "roman": "toîn tópoin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖς τόποις",
      "roman": "toîs tópois",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὸν τόπον",
      "roman": "tòn tópon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ τόπω",
      "roman": "tṑ tópō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοὺς τόπους",
      "roman": "toùs tópous",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τόπε",
      "roman": "tópe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τόπω",
      "roman": "tópō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τόποι",
      "roman": "tópoi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "τόπου",
        "2": "m",
        "3": "second"
      },
      "expansion": "τόπος • (tópos) m (genitive τόπου); second declension",
      "name": "grc-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "τόπος",
        "2": "ου"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "place, location"
      ],
      "id": "en-τόπος-grc-noun-i~RdOFV-",
      "links": [
        [
          "place",
          "place"
        ],
        [
          "location",
          "location"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "grc",
          "name": "Rhetoric",
          "orig": "grc:Rhetoric",
          "parents": [
            "Language",
            "Communication",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 55 8 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 69 10 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 69 10 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "topic; (rhetoric) commonplace"
      ],
      "id": "en-τόπος-grc-noun-Xip4Kh2g",
      "links": [
        [
          "topic",
          "topic"
        ],
        [
          "rhetoric",
          "rhetoric"
        ],
        [
          "commonplace",
          "commonplace"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "position, office"
      ],
      "id": "en-τόπος-grc-noun-9briKMeV",
      "links": [
        [
          "position",
          "position"
        ],
        [
          "office",
          "office"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "opportunity, possibility"
      ],
      "id": "en-τόπος-grc-noun-rac64AV1",
      "links": [
        [
          "opportunity",
          "opportunity"
        ],
        [
          "possibility",
          "possibility"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/tó.pos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈto.pos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈto.pos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tó.pos/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈto.pos/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈto.pos/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈto.pos/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈto.pos/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "word": "τόπος"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Ancient Greek 2-syllable words",
    "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
    "Ancient Greek lemmas",
    "Ancient Greek masculine nouns",
    "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
    "Ancient Greek nouns",
    "Ancient Greek paroxytone terms",
    "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns",
    "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns without gender specified",
    "Ancient Greek terms borrowed from a Pre-Greek substrate",
    "Ancient Greek terms derived from a Pre-Greek substrate",
    "Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Requests for native script for Hittite terms"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "atopía",
      "word": "ἀτοπία"
    },
    {
      "roman": "átopos",
      "word": "ἄτοπος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "ektopízō",
      "word": "ἐκτοπίζω"
    },
    {
      "roman": "ektopismós",
      "word": "ἐκτοπισμός"
    },
    {
      "roman": "éktopos",
      "word": "ἔκτοπος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "entopízō",
      "word": "ἐντοπίζω"
    },
    {
      "roman": "entópios",
      "word": "ἐντόπιος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "éntopos",
      "word": "ἔντοπος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "topázō",
      "word": "τοπάζω"
    },
    {
      "roman": "topízō",
      "word": "τοπίζω"
    },
    {
      "roman": "topikós",
      "word": "τοπικός"
    },
    {
      "roman": "topographéō",
      "word": "τοπογραφέω"
    },
    {
      "roman": "topographía",
      "word": "τοπογραφία"
    },
    {
      "roman": "topógraphos",
      "word": "τοπόγραφος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "topothesía",
      "word": "τοποθεσία"
    },
    {
      "roman": "topomakhéō",
      "word": "τοπομαχέω"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cop",
            "2": "ⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Coptic: ⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ (topos)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Coptic: ⲧⲟⲡⲟⲥ (topos)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "topos",
            "3": "topo-",
            "4": "-tope",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: topos, topo-, -tope",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: topos, topo-, -tope"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "Topos",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ German: Topos",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ German: Topos"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "el",
            "2": "τόπος"
          },
          "expansion": "Greek: τόπος (tópos)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Greek: τόπος (tópos)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-mar",
            "2": "то́пус"
          },
          "expansion": "Mariupol Greek: то́пус (tópus)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Mariupol Greek: то́пус (tópus)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "topia",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Latin: topia",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Latin: topia"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*top-o-s"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *top-o-s",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*tep-",
        "t": "to hit, stick, smear"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tep- (“to hit, stick, smear”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*teti",
        "t": "to beat"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *teti (“to beat”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "tèpti",
        "t": "to smear, grease"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian tèpti (“to smear, grease”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "spot"
      },
      "expansion": "English spot",
      "name": "ncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Flecken",
        "t": "village"
      },
      "expansion": "German Flecken (“village”)",
      "name": "ncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*tep-",
        "t": "to be hot"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tep- (“to be hot”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*tokʷ-o-s"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tokʷ-o-s",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*tekʷ-",
        "t": "to run, flow"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tekʷ- (“to run, flow”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "qsb-grc"
      },
      "expansion": "Pre-Greek",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sq",
        "2": "tokë",
        "t": "floor, earth"
      },
      "expansion": "Albanian tokë (“floor, earth”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hit",
        "2": "𒋼𒂊𒃷",
        "tr": "tēkan"
      },
      "expansion": "Hittite 𒋼𒂊𒃷 (tēkan)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Seemingly an inherited term, though the broad semantic range of the word makes ascertaining further origin and cognates difficult:\n* If from Proto-Indo-European *top-o-s:\n** From Proto-Indo-European *tep- (“to hit, stick, smear”), and cognate with Proto-Slavic *teti (“to beat”), Lithuanian tèpti (“to smear, grease”). The sense development would be \"to smear\" > \"stain, spot\" > \"spot, place\"; for a semantic parallel, compare English spot, German Flecken (“village”). This derivation appears to be favored by Beekes.\n** Per Meier-Brugger, from Proto-Indo-European *tep- (“to be hot”), with sense development \"hot place, hearth\" > \"any place\".\n* If from Proto-Indo-European *tokʷ-o-s:\n** From Proto-Indo-European *tekʷ- (“to run, flow”). This is semantically difficult.\nOthers (though surprisingly, not Beekes) have suggested Pre-Greek origin; note similarities to Albanian tokë (“floor, earth”) (compare darkë (“supper, feast”) vs. δόρπον (dórpon, “supper, dinner; evening”), bajgë (“dung”) vs. βολβός (bolbós, “bulb”), etc.), with a potential proto-form *tò-kʷV- or *tòw-kʷV-. See also Hittite 𒋼𒂊𒃷 (tēkan), [script needed] (tagnās).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "tópos",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τόπου",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-2",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Second declension",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ὁ τόπος",
      "roman": "ho tópos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ τόπω",
      "roman": "tṑ tópō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "οἱ τόποι",
      "roman": "hoi tópoi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῦ τόπου",
      "roman": "toû tópou",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν τόποιν",
      "roman": "toîn tópoin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῶν τόπων",
      "roman": "tôn tópōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῷ τόπῳ",
      "roman": "tôi tópōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν τόποιν",
      "roman": "toîn tópoin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖς τόποις",
      "roman": "toîs tópois",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὸν τόπον",
      "roman": "tòn tópon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ τόπω",
      "roman": "tṑ tópō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοὺς τόπους",
      "roman": "toùs tópous",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τόπε",
      "roman": "tópe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τόπω",
      "roman": "tópō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τόποι",
      "roman": "tópoi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "τόπου",
        "2": "m",
        "3": "second"
      },
      "expansion": "τόπος • (tópos) m (genitive τόπου); second declension",
      "name": "grc-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "τόπος",
        "2": "ου"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "place, location"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "place",
          "place"
        ],
        [
          "location",
          "location"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "grc:Rhetoric"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "topic; (rhetoric) commonplace"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "topic",
          "topic"
        ],
        [
          "rhetoric",
          "rhetoric"
        ],
        [
          "commonplace",
          "commonplace"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "position, office"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "position",
          "position"
        ],
        [
          "office",
          "office"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "opportunity, possibility"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "opportunity",
          "opportunity"
        ],
        [
          "possibility",
          "possibility"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/tó.pos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈto.pos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈto.pos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tó.pos/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈto.pos/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈto.pos/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈto.pos/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈto.pos/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "word": "τόπος"
}

Download raw JSONL data for τόπος meaning in Ancient Greek (8.4kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Ancient Greek dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.